The correct option is (d) Ion exchange chromatography
For explanation: Ion-exchange chromatography retains analyte molecules based on the coulombic or ionic interaction. Gel filtration retains analyte based on the size of the molecule. Thin layer chromatography retains analyte based on the solubility of the molecules in stationary or mobile phase. Affinity chromatography retains analyte based on the affinities between 2 molecules. For example, enzyme-substrate.