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How is the size of molecules under analysis measured?

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How is the size of molecules under analysis measured?

(a) By measuring the distance moved through a ruler

(b) By measuring the amount of visualising dye used

(c) By running a standard molecule, whose size is known in parallel

(d) There is no exact criterion for doing so

The question was posed to me in a national level competition.

This question is from Gel electrophoresis, Oligonucleotide  & Microarrays in section Basics of Genetic Engineering of Genetic Engineering

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The correct choice is (c) By running a standard molecule, whose size is known in parallel

To explain I would say: The size of the DNA molecules is measured by a standardized molecule. It is known as DNA ladder. The molecules under analysis are compared with the DNA ladder.

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