Correct option is (d) \(=C_S\frac{γ_w R_H^2}{η}\frac{e}{1+e}iA\)
Easy explanation: Let the total cross-section of the soil be A and the porosity be n,
∴ a=nA
∴ \(q=\frac{1}{2}\frac{γ_w R_H^2}{η}ia=\frac{1}{2}\frac{γ_w R_H^2}{η}inA\)
Since n=e/(1+e),
∴ \(q=C_S \frac{γ_w R_H^2}{η}\frac{e}{1+e}iA.\)