Answer: (b) Summing amplifier
In a summing amplifier (also called inverting summing amplifier), the output voltage is the negative sum of all input voltages, which is expressed as: Vo = -(V1 + V2 + V3 + ... + Vn).
This is the characteristic equation of a summing amplifier circuit, where the output has inverted polarity and magnitude proportional to the sum of input voltages.