Right answer is (d) All of the mentioned
Easy explanation: Multi-target preservation helps to target many factors such as pH, temperature etc and hence helps fight all types of microbes. Sometimes, instead of having a positive effect, hurdle technology has antagonist effects. This means that the combination of techniques used for food preservation don’t kill the microbes already present and just inhibit the growth. It could also mean, the mixture concentration required to produce the desired effect is more than that of the individual concentrations.