Question

The flow through the penstocks and pressure conduits is generally ____________________

(a) laminar

(b) turbulent

(c) both laminar and turbulent

(d) unpredictable

I got this question in a national level competition.

I want to ask this question from Pressure Conduites topic in section Pressure Conduits, Outlet Works through Dams and Rivers of Irrigation Engineering

Answer 1

Correct answer is (b) turbulent

To explain: Penstocks are the huge diameter pipe which carries water under pressure and the structural design is similar to that of pressure pipes. Since there is a possibility of sudden load changes in penstocks which changes the pressure and flow velocity which characterizes the turbulent flow in fluid dynamics.