At low velocity, the bed does not move at all but as velocity increases, it goes on assuming different shapes.

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On increasing velocity beyond the threshold stage of motion, the bed develops ____________ shape.

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Which of the following statement is wrong? (a)Ripples do not occur if the size of the bed particles is coarser than 0.6 mm

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When the velocity is further increased beyond the stage where sand waves are formed in association with the surface waves, the waves are then called as ____________

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What are the types of sediment load?

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In the case of canals and natural streams, anti-dunes rarely occur.

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Calculate the effective unit tractive force that causes bed load transportation if the unit tractive force produced by the flowing water is 3.20 N/m^2. The Manning’s coefficient on an unrippled bed is 0.0108 and the actual observed value of Manning’s coefficient on ripped channels is 0.0222. Take the value of critical shear stress that is required to move the grain particle as 0.5 N/m^2.

asked Sep 16, 2023 in Irrigation Engineering by Carter (75.2k points)

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Determine the shear stress required to move the single grain on the side slopes, if the critical shear stress required moving the similar grain on the horizontal bed is 2.91 N/m^2. Consider the angle of the side slope with the horizontal as 30° and the angle of repose of soil as 37°.

asked Jul 29, 2023 in Irrigation Engineering by Carter (75.2k points)

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The velocity of flow in a channel should not more or less, but instead it should be adequate.

asked Aug 15, 2023 in Irrigation Engineering by Carter (75.2k points)

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The shear stress required to move grain on the side slopes is less than the shear stress required to move the grain on the canal bed.

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Let us consider in a given area the plantation of a certain crop takes 20 days, and the total water depth required by this crop is 80 cm on the field. Find the duty of irrigation water required for the crop during this period. (a) Assuming 20% losses of water in the water courses, find duty at the head of the course. (b) Find the duty of the water at the head of the distributary, assuming 10% losses from the distributary head.

asked Jul 31, 2023 in Irrigation Engineering by Carter (75.2k points)

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The only spillway among the following through which the discharge does not increase as fast as it increases in all others is _________________

asked Sep 5, 2023 in Irrigation Engineering by Carter (75.2k points)

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In a wide stream, a suspended load sample taken at a height of 0.30 m from the bed. The stream is 5.0 m deep and has a bed slope of 1/4000. The bed material can be of uniform size. Estimate the shear friction velocity.

asked Jul 31, 2023 in Irrigation Engineering by Carter (75.2k points)

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Given that the bed slope of a channel is 1 in 2000 and the discharge is 60 cumecs. The depth of the channel is fixed and is given as 2 m. The tractive force needed for the movement of bedload is? Take critical velocity ratio as 1.1.

asked Jul 31, 2023 in Irrigation Engineering by Carter (75.2k points)

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A part of tractive force does not have any part in transporting the bed material, i. e bed load.

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Calculate the corresponding hydraulic mean depth that would exist in the channel if the bed was unrippled. The rugosity coefficient in an unrippled channel is 0.015 and the rugosity coefficient actually observed by experiments on the rippled bed of channel is 0.020. Consider the value of hydraulic mean depth of the channel as 1.5 m.

asked Aug 19, 2023 in Irrigation Engineering by Carter (75.2k points)

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Which type of state is achievable in artificial channels but not in rivers?

asked Aug 16, 2023 in Irrigation Engineering by Carter (75.2k points)

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The manning’s coefficient for a lined trapezoidal channel with a bed slope of 1 in 4000 is 0.014 and it will be 0.028 if the channel is unlined. The area in the case of the lined section is 19.04 m^2 and for the unlined section is 29.09 m^2. What percentage of earthwork is saved in a lined section relative to an unlined section, when a hydraulically efficient section is used in both the cases?

asked Jul 31, 2023 in Irrigation Engineering by Carter (75.2k points)

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Whose equation was the first on the rate of bed load transport?

asked Aug 16, 2023 in Irrigation Engineering by Carter (75.2k points)

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A wide unlined channel carrying silt-free water has a depth of 2.0 m. The maximum slope that can be given to a channel is 1 in 10,000. Calculate the maximum tractive stress permissible on the bed to prevent scouring.

asked Jul 31, 2023 in Irrigation Engineering by Carter (75.2k points)

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Which of the following statement is wrong? (a)Threshold condition is the one in which a few particles on the bed will just start moving

asked Jul 29, 2023 in Irrigation Engineering by Carter (75.2k points)

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Calculate the ratio of the tractive critical stress to the average shear stress if the water flows at a depth of 0.8 m in a wide stream having a bed slope of 1 in 3000. The median diameter of the sand bed is 2 mm.

asked Jul 31, 2023 in Irrigation Engineering by Carter (75.2k points)

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What is the minimum size of the bed material that will remain at rest in a channel?

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The water flows at a depth of 0.6 m in a wide stream having a bed slope of 1 in 2500. The critical tractive stress is 0.53 N/m^2. Determine the motion of soil grains and the average shear stress.

asked Jul 29, 2023 in Irrigation Engineering by Carter (75.2k points)

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The sediment confined along and above the bed up to a depth ‘2d’ (d being grain size) is treated as bed load.

asked Aug 19, 2023 in Irrigation Engineering by Carter (75.2k points)

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