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Which of the following governs the process in secondary drying in freeze drying?

(a) Latent heat of sublimation

(b) Latent heat of vapourization

(c) Enthaply

(d) Adsorption isotherms

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Query is from Freeze Drying topic in chapter Drying of Food Processing Unit Operations

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Correct choice is (d) Adsorption isotherms

Explanation: The secondary drying phase of the freeze-drying process is overseen by the adsorption isotherms of the material. In this phase, the temperature is raised greater than in the primary drying phaseto disrupt any physicochemical interfaces that have formed between the frozen material and water molecules.

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