_____ is a mechanical gadget used to prevent leaks.

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Statement 1: Starch is _____ as its viscosity decreases with an increase in shear stress. Statement 2: Bingham plastics follow Newton’s law of viscosity at low shears.

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Statement 1: Diaphragm pumps can handle corrosive material and do not have leakage problems, but, they only vibrate hence the output is low. Statement 2: Diaphragm pump is an example of _____

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Statement 1: Generally needle valves are not used for liquids. Statement 2: For a unidirectional flow, non return valves are used.

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Statement 1: Brookfield viscometer is an example of Coaxial Cylinder Viscometer. Statement 2: Working principle of a Brookfield viscometer: Two coaxial cylinders. Liquid is filled in between them. The viscosity produces torque which is directly proportional to the shear stress.

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In Bernoulli’s equation, the friction correction factor is added to the LHS and the energy contributed by the pump is written on the RHS.

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Statement 1: Friction factor ‘f’ is an important factor in turbulent flow. Statement 2: ‘f’ is the ratio of shear stress (ϩw) to kinetic energy head ((ρv2)⁄2g).

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Statement 1: Apparent viscosity μ_a is related to shear stress (τ) and shear strain (γ) as μ_a= τ/γ Statement 2: The equation τ=Kγ<sup>n</sup> becomes μ_a= τ/γ = Kγ^(n-1).

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Statement 1: Reynolds number is the ratio of viscous force to Inertial Force. Statement 2: The thickness of Boundary layer increases with the increase in distance from the surface.

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Statement 1: Bernoulli’s equation can be applied to flow through pipes both, with and without friction. Statement 2: Air is an incompressible fluid.

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Statement 1: Considering the equation, μ_a= τ/γ = Kγ^(n-1) , for pseudo plastic fluids, n<1 and they’re called Shear thinning liquids and dilatant fluids are called Shear thickening liquids as n>1. Statement 2: Cooked starch solution is a Shear thinning liquid and dairy cream is a Shear thickening liquid.

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Which of the following is a name of an actual viscometer?

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Statement 1: Non-Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between shear stress and shear strain. Statement 2: Tubes are larger than pipes in diameter and have thicker walls.

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Statement 1: Pulsed Electric field needs to followed by refrigeration storing to increase shelf life and prevent spoilage. Statement 2: Structural changes at cell membrane and inactivation of enzymes, is how high hydrostatic pressure works for the food industry.

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Statement 1: Brookfield viscometer is very robust, is supported by software and even shows values of K and n, but, sometimes particles suspended in the fluid cause problems. Statement 2: Drawbacks of plate and cone viscometer: edge-effects, turbulence and temperature effects.

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