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Which of the following is the process by which the saline water underlying freshwater rises upward into the freshwater zone?

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Which of the following is the process by which the saline water underlying freshwater rises upward into the freshwater zone?

(a) Bio-remediation

(b) Bio-degradation

(c) Bio-magnification

(d) Upconing

This question was posed to me during an interview.

Question is from Microalgal Species for Aquaculture topic in chapter Biotechnological Approaches of Microalgal Culture of Environmental Biotechnology

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Right choice is (d) Upconing

For explanation: Upconing is the process by which the saline water near the freshwater intrudes in and rises upward into the freshwater zone, Bio-magnification is the process by which toxic substances get deposited in the food chain, bio-degradation is the process that leads to degradation of compounds with the help of bacteria, Bio remediation is a process that uses microbial processes and converts toxic substances into less toxic or usable forms.

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