Which theory proposes that the film is continuously getting renewed and replaced by the bulk liquid?

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Statement 1: Diffusion of gas component through the resistive film to the bulk of the liquid is the rate determining step. Statement 2: Diffusion of gas component through the gas-liquid inter-phase is the rate determining step.

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Statement 1: In film theory, mass transfer coefficient is proportional to D^1/2 Statement 2: Penetration theory states that all elements are exposed at the same time which is unrealistic.

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Statement 1: Penetration theory states that mass transfer coefficient is directly proportional to diffusivity coefficient which was later proved wrong. Statement 2: Penetration theory states that mass transfer is based on unsteady mass transfer.

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In a rising film evaporator, the temperature difference need not be as high as that in a falling film evaporator.

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The existence of a thick constant film between two phases is a proposal by which of the following theories?

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Ratio of equilibrium concentrations of solute A in liquid phase and gas phase i.e. CAL* and CAg* respectively is α. α is called _____

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Statement 1: In a rising film evaporator, the feed can be very viscous. Statement 2: In a rising film evaporator, the feed cannot be heat sensitive.

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Any food item should be subjected to micro frequencies such that, the dielectric constant is _____ and loss factor is _____

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Statement 1: Difference between 1-1 and 1-2 heat exchanger is that 1-2 has both counter AND co current, whereas 1-1 has only co-current. Statement 2: 1-2 heat exchanger requires a high pressure drop.

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One disadvantage with backward feeding is that the feed gets very concentrated at the beginning few units itself and hence it’s difficult to feed it to the next evaporator unit.

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Statement 1: Plate heat exchangers are used in heat sensitive foods like milk. Statement 2: Principle behind plate heat exchangers is that there is very less space between the plates and hence quick heating can take place.

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Statement 1: The factor F0 shows the microbial safety in the food item at the coldest point. Statement 2: F0 takes the time-temperature data at that particular point and compares conventional heating to microwave heating.

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Statement 1: Duhring’s rule states that the ratio of temperatures at which two solutions have the same vapor pressure is constant. Statement 2: Duhring’s rule states that the boiling point of a solution is a linear function of the boiling point of pure water at the same pressure.

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One disadvantage of microwave cooking is that the energy efficiency in this process is less.

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At a food processing industry, the steam was re-compressed and a small amount of steam at high pressures and temperatures was sent into the next evaporation chamber in a multiple effect evaporator. Which of the following is true with respect to the above sentences?

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Industry A is low on budget and is used in the sugar industry. Industry B wants to invest in a good evaporator. They are needed for meat extracts. Which evaporators will you suggest for each of them?

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Hannah heats refrigerated rice which has been devoid of moisture and become dry. She heats it in a microwave. It gets unevenly heated. What should she do?

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Statement 1: Scraping improves heat transfer co-efficient by 5 times in case of non-Newtonian fluids. Statement 2: In food industry, major physical changes to food items when they’re processed, take place like transformation from Newtonian to Non-Newtonian fluids. Hence, scraped surface heat exchangers are very beneficial.

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Mixed feed arrangement offers the advantage of omitting the usage of pumps by transferring feed in the direction of low pressure. That’s an advantage taken from forward feeding arrangement.

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Statement 1: Concentration is a product of diffusivity and solubility. Statement 2: Permeability coefficient in case of food packaging can be written as product of partial pressure and solubility using Henry’s law.

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A major reason as to why evaporators and their selection for different applications in the food industry is very important is because ______

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Statement 1: Drying is used for preservation of food. Statement 2: Convective drying is indirect drying and conductive drying is direct drying.

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Statement 1: KLa is measured together and not separately.

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Statement 1: A phase boundary exists between alcohol and oxygen. Statement 2: Phase boundary varies with agitation. It is inversely proportional to the amount of agitation provided.

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Drying rate curve is plot between _____ and _____

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